It is hoped that the work will pave the way for future studies to enable a better understanding of the potential risks to key power and communications infrastructure.
The study, which is published in in Astrophysical Journal Letters, was conducted as part of the science verification phase of the Visible Spectropolarimeter (ViSP) instrument at the National Science Foundation’s Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope. It is the first to use data from this instrument.
As such, this exciting collaboration between the UK and National Science Foundation marks an important milestone for the astronomical community and this ground-breaking telescope.
Decades of work
The Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope is a four-meter solar telescope based in the island of Maui in Hawai’i.
It is the largest and most powerful solar telescope in the world and was built as part of a multilateral international collaboration which began nearly three decades ago. It aims to improve our understanding of the sun and its role in space weather events.
STFC is a key partner in the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope collaboration and led a consortium of research organisations as part of the design phase of the telescope to develop cameras which were used to record data in this latest study.
STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) Space also collaborated with Observatory Sciences Ltd on the design of the control system for the telescope which is essential to ensure accurate positioning and image quality.
Monitoring global risks
Furthering our knowledge of the Sun is important to understanding how space weather events could affect key technologies such as electrical and communication networks.
STFC’s RAL Space facility plays a leading role in the UK resilience planning around potential space weather events.
These events, driven by solar activity, could disrupt vital technological systems such as positioning and communications services, and spacecraft operations and are already listed on the UK government’s risk register.
Unique capabilities
Researchers led by Dr Ryan French, a former STFC-funded PhD student at University College London’s Mullard Space Science Laboratory, utilised the unprecedented signal to noise ratio of the Visible Spectro-Polarimeter (ViSP) instrument on the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope.
This ability of the telescope enabled them to investigate the propagation of a phenomena known as an umbral flash within the lower solar atmosphere. Umbral flashes are instances of brightening in the Sun’s chromosphere which travelling via a sequence of waves and shocks.
The ViSP instrument is unique to the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope which measures solar activity by expanding incoming light into its components like a prism to create a ‘rainbow’. From this which it can pick out almost any combination of wavelengths to record.
The data gathered by ViSP in the study provides new insights into how waves can travel in the low solar atmosphere, providing a small glimpse of what future data from the instrument will achieve.
Hopes for the future
Dr Ryan French, now a solar physicist at the US National Solar Observatory, said:
It’s been an exciting time to join the National Solar Observatory, and a privilege to be among the first people to publish results from a transformative facility like the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope.
Our understanding of the solar atmosphere has progressed a lot in the last decade, as we begin to enter a golden age of solar physics with observations from the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope, ESA’s Solar Orbiter and NASA‘s Parker Solar Probe.
Without the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope, we would not be able to measure the variations of the magnetic field in the Sun’s chromosphere we observed in this study. This data is just a taster of the capabilities ViSP has to offer, and it is exciting to think what further discoveries the solar physics community will make with the telescope.
Top image: Credit: National Solar Observatory, National Science Foundation, Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy